Welding is a process which involves joining two pieces of metal or plastic, and this is done by melting the pieces of metal. The heat produced provides a strong joint between the two joined pieces of metal or plastic.
There are two popular types of current which are used in the welding process. These are Alternating current (AC) and Direct current (DC).
Welding cannot often be done on all types of metals; for instance, stainless steel is often prone to distortion and cracking when exposed to high amounts of heat.
On the other hand, alloys cannot be exposed to high amounts of heat due to the chemical composition of the metal. Therefore it is critical to consider the type of metal you want to work with.
What is Alternating Current (AC)?
Alternating current is a type of electric current that often switches its direction in a back and forth motion, bringing about a reverse in voltage due to the change in the current direction. AC is known to change its polarity 120 times per second, and a reversed polarity in the AC causes a deeper penetration to the object undergoing welding. The alternating current frequency is often 50Hz to 60Hz, which often depends on the country of residence. Long-distance transmissions are often done within high voltages, thus reducing current and loss in transmission. The alternating current also allows a convenient shift from one voltage to another, which is made possible because current often switches its direction in a back and forth motion.
What is Direct Current (DC)?
Direct current is a type of electric current which flows in one direction. The current may either be positive or negative. Direct current is often used in batteries and low voltage devices such as remote controls, mobile phones, aircraft applications, automotive applications and solar panels. The frequency of direct current is often zero and is not influenced by the country of residence.
Direct current likewise makes it possible to transmit power over long distances. If alternating current is available, it can easily be converted to direct current for transmission. However, direct current is considered more efficient, especially when the transmission distance is less than 100 feet. Working with direct current is also deemed to reduce the risk of hazards often brought about by shocks. This is made possible because the voltage produced is below 48 volts, thus making it safe for individuals handling the electrical equipment's.
Difference Between AC Welding and DC Welding
AC Welding
AC welding is ideal for welding magnetic metals which cannot be done by DC welding. AC welding is used in welding downhand heavy plates, aluminium TIG with high frequency and fast fills. The primary advantage of AC welding as compared to DC welding is that it allows the welder to weld magnetized materials. The current changes in direction in AC current is not affected by magnetism. Therefore it is easier to control the arc as it remains stable.
AC welding is a commonly preferred method in seam welding which is often used in shipbuilding. This is due to the fact that the current settings are much higher than those used in DC welding. Therefore a much deeper penetration of the metal is achieved. It is also used in TIG welding aluminium since AC supports welding at higher temperatures.
Old Machinery often has rusty areas which may be a point of concern due to the amount of heat that the machinery will be exposed to. AC welding promotes a higher heat penetration than DC welding, thus ensuring that it does not affect the piece of machinery.
DC Welding
DC welding is best suited for single carbon brazing, cutting tap, stainless steel TIG welding, overhead welding and hard facing. Aside from AC welding, DC welding is also preferred in some circumstances. This is because it can weld much thinner pieces of metal compared to AC welding. Machinery that often uses DC welding is also deemed to be less expensive as compared to machinery that uses AC welding. DC welding produces smoother welding, and there are fewer chances of spatter due to the direct current produced. It also produces a stable and constant arc, making it more reliable and easier to handle than AC welding.
Conclusion
Therefore, it is vital for a welder or the individual handling the welding equipment to carry out extensive research on the materials to be used and their current condition to choose whether alternating current or direct current is ideal for the task at hand. This is due to the fact that using incorrect current may result in lack of arc control, overheating, excessive splatters and at the same time quick burning of electrodes.
[…] The last digit signifies the type of coating used on that particular electrode. Knowing the coating type helps you identify which current type to use. […]